Bifunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane engineered polyamide membrane for efficient Li+/Mg2+ separation

Amino-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (8NH2-POSS) is designed as a bifunctional nanofiller to fabricate positively charged polyamide nanofiltration membranes, achieving a pure water permeance of 12.0 L m−2h−1 bar−1 and an exceptional separation factor (SLi,Mg) of 13.9 at an ultralow Li+/Mg2+ mass ratio of 1:150.