Segmentation and thickness calculation of glomerular basement membrane using RADS-Net in glomerular microscopic images

Glomerular ultrastructure needs to be observed under transmission electron microscopy during pathological diagnosis of renal biopsies. Evaluating the glomerular basement membranes (GBM) is necessary for the renal pathological diagnosis. There is little work that performs well for full-flow automated analysis of GBM in whole-glomerular electron microscopy images, including GBM segmentation, location, and thickness calculation. To address this problem, we propose a network architecture, RADS-Net, whose segmentation module combines the advantages of ViT and CNN to achieve better performance in GBM and electron dense deposit (EDD) segmentation tasks. It also contains an uncertainty evaluation module and a location module to exclude unsuitable regions for measurement and extract accurate GBM contours. We propose a GBM thickness calculation method based on statistical learning method, skeletonization algorithm, and improved region growth method. Systematic experiments demonstrate that our proposed segmentation network achieves superior accuracy compared to other competing methods. Additionally, the computed GBM thickness, after an automatic screening of suitable fields of view, meets the requirements for pathology evaluation.