Outlooks for zeolite catalysts in a low-carbon scenario

Zeolites today are a unique and highly successful class of catalytic materials, but their role in future low-carbon scenarios comes into question. This perspective article summarises the authors' joint view on zeolite chemistry's future direction for catalytic applications to stimulate discussion identifying pillars on which the scientific community should focus. Particular challenges discussed here include i) our view of the zeolite synthesis focused on new structures with optimised textural properties and design of zeolite catalysts with precise control of the location of active sites; ii) discussion of current, mostly new industrial, requests for zeolitic catalysts; iii) emerging catalytic applications in which zeolites should play a key role; and last but not least iv) opportunities for new types of microporous solids. Although some of these are rather challenging, with many barriers to overcome, we suggest fostering research on these directions as the key to maintaining the crucial role of zeolite as catalysts. Discussion on the future role of zeolite science and technology is organised in consideration of three possible future scenarios: (i) a low-carbon BAU (business-as-usual) scenario and (ii) two advanced scenarios, which differ in terms of the degree of circularity (low and high, LC and HC respectively), and (iii) level of substitution of fossil fuels with alternative energy and carbon sources. Trends characterising these scenarios and their impact on zeolite science and technology are discussed to provide the readers with the elements, tools and clues to identify priorities in research and application of zeolite catalysts.