Visual Capital: Evaluating building-level visual landscape quality at scale

•3D building view-metrics are computed using a large-scale digital model.•Visual capital is measured by calibrating view-metrics with average net-income.•Water and distant views strongly influence visual capital.•Visual capital is context-dependent, relying on combinations of individual view elements.•The urban and natural form influence the scarcity of a good view, i.e. view-inequality.