Fetal MR Imaging Anatomy of the Transverse Temporal Gyrus (Heschl Gyrus)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The human auditory system develops early in fetal life. This retrospective MR imaging study describes the in vivo prenatal anatomic development of the transverse temporal gyrus (Heschl gyrus) site of the primary auditory cortex.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred seventy-two MR imaging studies of the fetal brain (19?39 weeks' gestational age) acquired from a single institution's 1.5T scanner were retrospectively examined by 2 neuroradiologists. MR imaging with pathologic findings and extreme motion artifacts was excluded. Postnatal Heschl gyrus landmarks were used as a reference on T2-weighted ssFSE sequences in the 3 orthogonal planes. The frequency of the Heschl gyrus was reported for gestational age, hemisphere, and planes. Descriptive statistics and a McNemar test were performed.RESULTS: Two hundred thirty MR imaging studies were finally included. Fetal brains were divided by gestational age (in weeks) into 8 groups (parentheses indicate the number of observations): 19?21 (29), 22?23 (32), 24?25 (21), 26?27 (18), 28?29 (35), 30?31 (30), 32?33 (33) and >34 (32). The Heschl gyrus appeared on MR imaging between 24 and 25 weeks' gestational age (14/21 fetuses, 67%) and was visible in all fetuses after the 28th week of gestation. By its appearance (24?28 weeks' gestational age), the sagittal plane was the most sensitive in its detectability. After 28?29 weeks' gestational age, the Heschl gyrus was evident in all acquisition planes and fetuses. Results did not differ between hemispheres.CONCLUSIONS: The Heschl gyrus appears on MR imaging at 24?25 weeks' gestational age, paralleling the functional activation of the auditory system. We propose the Heschl gyrus as an early additional MR imaging marker of fetal brain development.