The mechanism of IL-13 targeting IL-13R2 in regulating oral mucosal FBs through PI3K/AKT/mTOR

Objective: The objective of this investigation was to examine the presence of interleukin (IL)-13 and its receptor IL-13R alpha 2 in the tissues of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), investigate their biological functions, and explore the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of OSF.Materials and Methods: The expression of IL-13 and IL-13R alpha 2 in the oral mucosa of patients with OSF and normal individuals was determined through immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Primary fibroblasts (FBs) were extracted through enzymatic digestion and then cultured. Immunofluorescence was employed to identify the FB cultures and the location of IL-13R alpha 2. The effects of IL-13/IL-13R alpha 2/PI3K/AKT/mTOR on the migration, proliferation, and secretion of fiber-related proteins of FBs were explored via the wound healing assay, CCK-8 assay, EDU assay, and RT-qPCR. The impact of IL-13R alpha 2 silencing and PI3K/AKT inhibition on the effect of IL-13 on FBs was analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Results: IL-13 and IL-13R alpha 2 were highly expressed in OSF. Primary FBs were successfully extracted and cultured. IL-13R alpha 2 was found to be localized in myofibroblasts. IL-13 promoted the proliferation, migration, and secretion of fibril-associated proteins in FBs. The proliferation, migration, and secretion of fibril-associated proteins of FBs were decreased following IL-13R alpha 2 silencing and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.Conclusion: IL-13 may promote the proliferation, migration, and secretion of fiber-related proteins of FBs through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by targeting IL-13R alpha 2.