Preparation of Ru-doped TiO₂ nanotube arrays through anodizing TiRu alloys for bifunctional HER/OER electrocatalysts

In this research, Ru-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays (Ru-TNTA) were prepared by anodizing TiRu alloys, and the effects of annealing temperature, Ru content and test temperature on their performances for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were investigated. The results show that the unannealed Ru-TNTA (a-Ru-TNTA) exhibits superior activity for the HER, and the Ru-TNTA annealed at 450 degrees C (c-Ru-TNTA) shows excellent activity for the OER. The Ru content of TiRu impacts the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and the charge transfer resistance (R-ct) significantly. When the Ru content of Ru-TNTA is 6%, its performance is optimal. Moreover, the electrocatalytic activity of Ru-TNTA improves with increasing test temperature, and the overpotentials of a-Ru-TNTA and c-Ru-TNTA at 80 degrees C are 19 mV and 227 mV (10 mA cm(-2)), respectively. Ru-TNTA exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for water splitting and good stability, which provides a new idea for the preparation of advanced bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting.