Industrial-Scale Mass Measurements of Isolated Black Holes
arXiv (Cornell University)(2023)
摘要
I show that industrial-scale mass measurement of isolated black holes (BHs)
can be achieved by combining a high-cadence, wide-field microlensing survey
such as KMTNet, observations from a parallax satellite in solar orbit, and VLTI
GRAVITY+ interferometry. I show that these can yield precision measurements of
microlens parallaxes down to $\pi_{\rm E}\sim 0.01$ and Einstein radii down to
$\theta_{\rm E}\sim 1\,$mas. These limits correspond to BH masses $M\sim
12\,M_\odot$, deep in the Galactic bulge, with lens-source separations of
$D_{LS}\sim 0.6\,$kpc, and they include all BHs in the Galactic disk. I carry
out detailed analyses of simulations that explore many aspects of the
measurement process, including the decisions on whether to carry out VLTI
measurements for each long-event candidate. I show that the combination of
ground-based and space-based light curves of BH events will automatically
exclude the spurious "large parallax" solutions that arise from the standard
(Refsdal 1966) analysis, except for the high-magnification events, for which
other methods can be applied. The remaining two-fold degeneracy can always be
broken by conducting a second VLTI measurement, and I show how to identify the
relatively rare cases that this is required.
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关键词
isolated black holes,black holes,mass,industrial-scale
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