A three-year comparative study of dominant misconceptions among first-year physics students at a South African university

This article discusses a three-year study (2020 - 2022) of dominant misconceptions (DMs) for a large cohort of first-year physics course students at the University of Johannesburg (UJ), South Africa. Our study considered pre-test scores on the Force Concept Inventory using a graphical method, where we found statistical differences between the mean DM scores for the 2020 cohort, as compared to the 2021 and 2022 cohort; possibly due to the onset of COVID lockdowns. We also compared our data from South Africa with cohorts based in Spain and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where the method of DMs was also applied. From this comparison, we found some differences in the preconception knowledge of the cohorts. Furthermore, we included an analysis of DMs through the `gender lens' for the South African cohort, finding no statistically significant difference between the means for DM scores of students who identify as male or female. Finally, given the diverse language backgrounds and levels of matriculation preparation for university level physics courses, we have also shown how quickly responding to student misconceptions can be efficiently addressed using the method of DMs.