Cadmium contamination in cacao farms of Piura, North Peru: A comprehensive assessment of geogenic and anthropogenic sources and implications for future production

•Chocolate made from 10 of 25 beans sampled can't be sold in the EU unless diluted.•Commercial fertilizers tested in this study exhibited high cd concentrations.•There is a minor contribution from potential Cd-bearing minerals in alluvial soils.•Higher soil cd concentrations are found on alluvial soils and lower altitudes.•The more cost-effective Mehlich3 extraction could be used to expand soil testing.