Ship schedule recovery with voluntary speed reduction zones and emission control areas

Liner shipping networks often experience disruptions, and shipping lines must implement certain recovery measures. However, environmental concerns have to be considered as well. The implementation of vessel speed reduction incentive programs (VSRIPs) provides monetary incentives to shipping lines for sailing speed compliance in the vicinity of certain ports but, in the meantime, increases delays, since the speed-up option could not be used to the same extent. There is a scarcity of research that focuses on effectively addressing the competing objectives that arise during ship schedule recovery and incorporates emission reduction policies at ports. This study introduces a new multi-objective approach for ship schedule recovery, considering the presence of VSRIPs, emission control regulations, and a variety of recovery options. A customized algorithm inspired by the principles of dynamic secant approximation and the epsilon-constraint algorithm is developed and validated through extensive computational experiments. Detailed sensitivity analyses provide thorough managerial insights as well.