Controlling Nonequilibrium Bose-Einstein Condensation with Engineered Environments
arxiv(2023)
摘要
Out of thermal equilibrium, bosonic quantum systems can Bose-condense away
from the ground state, featuring a macroscopic occupation of an excited state
or even of multiple states in the so-called Bose-selection scenario. In
previous work, a theory was developed that predicts, in which states a
driven-dissipative ideal Bose gas condenses. Here, we address the inverse
problem: Given a target state with desired condensate fractions in certain
single-particle states, how can this configuration be achieved by tuning
available control parameters? Which type of experimental setup allows for
flexible condensation control? We solve these problems, on the one hand, by
developing a theory to solve the inverse problem based on linear programming
methods. On the other, we propose a Bose `condenser', experimentally
implementable in a superconducting circuit, where targeted Bose condensation
into eigenstates of a chain of resonators is driven through the coupling to
artificial quantum baths, realized via auxiliary two-level systems. We further
discuss the engineering of transition points between different Bose
condensation configurations, which may find application for amplification,
heat-flow control, and the design of highly-structured quantum baths.
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