Inferring properties of dark galactic halos using strongly lensed gravitational waves
The Astrophysical Journal(2023)
摘要
Gravitational waves (GWs) can be deflected, similarly to electromagnetic (EM)
waves, by massive objects through the phenomenon of gravitational lensing. The
importance of gravitational lensing for GW astronomy is becoming increasingly
apparent in the GW detection era, in which nearly 100 events have already been
detected. As current ground-based interferometers reach their design
sensitivities, it is anticipated that these detectors may observe a few GW
signals that are strongly lensed by the dark halos of intervening galaxies or
galaxy clusters. Analysing strong lensing effects on GW signals is, thus,
becoming important to understand the lens' properties and correctly infer the
intrinsic GW source parameters. However, one cannot accurately infer lens
parameters for complex lens models with only GW observations because there are
strong degeneracies between the parameters of lensed waveforms. In this paper,
we discuss how to conduct parameter estimation of strongly lensed GW signals
and infer the lens parameters using additional EM information, including the
lens galaxy's axis ratio and the GW source-hosting galaxy's lensed images. We
find that for simple spherically symmetric lens models, the lens parameters can
be well recovered using only GW information. On the other hand, recovering the
lens parameters requires systems in which four or more GW images are detected
with additional EM observations for non-axially symmetric lens models.
Combinations of GW and EM observations can further improve the inference of the
lens parameters.
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关键词
Galaxy dark matter halos,Strong gravitational lensing,Gravitational lensing,Gravitational waves,Computational methods
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