Hybrid Modeling for Stream Flow Estimation: Integrating Machine Learning and Federated Learning

In the face of mounting global challenges stemming from population growth and climate fluctuations, the sustainable management of water resources emerges as a paramount concern. This scientific endeavor casts its gaze upon the Upper Euphrates basin, homing in on the Tunceli Munzur water sub-basin and the Sakarya Basin's Kutahya Porsuk Stream Besdegirmen rivers. The investigation unfolds through the intricate analysis of daily average flow data, total daily precipitation, and daily average air temperature values, with the objective of unraveling the complexities of future water potential estimation. Central to our exploration are a series of well-established techniques including linear regression (LR), support vector regression (SVR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and extra trees regression (ETR). We employ these methodologies diligently to decipher patterns woven within the dataset, fostering an informed understanding of water dynamics. To ascend the pinnacle of estimation accuracy, we introduce a groundbreaking hybrid approach, wherein the enigmatic wavelet transform (WT) technique assumes a pivotal role. Through systematic stratification of our dataset into training, validation, and test sets, comprising roughly 65%, 15%, and 20% of the data, respectively, a comprehensive experiment takes shape. Our results unveil the formidable performance of the ETR method, achieving a striking 88% estimation accuracy for the Porsuk Stream Besdegirmen, while the RF method garners a commendable 85.2% success rate for the Munzur water Melekbahce. The apex of innovation unfolds within our hybrid model, a harmonious fusion of methodologies that transcends their individual capacities. This composite entity elevates estimation success rates by a remarkable 20% for the Munzur water Melekbahce and an appreciable 11% for the Porsuk Stream Besdegirmen. This amalgamation culminates in an extraordinary overall success rate of 97.7%. Our findings transcend mere insights, resonating as guiding beacons for navigating the intricate maze of water resource management in an era marked by uncertainties. This study underscores the indispensability of advanced mathematical paradigms and machine learning frontiers, fortifying the bedrock of sustainable water resource management for the generations to come. By harnessing the fusion of federated learning and a constellation of innovative techniques, we endeavor to illuminate the path towards deciphering the complex tapestry of water resource estimation and management, facilitating a resilient and enduring aquatic world.