Optimal Dispatching for AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Systems With Electric Vehicles: Application of Cloud-Edge-Device Cooperation

By taking into account the social behaviors of renewable distributed generations (RDGs) and electric vehicles (EVs), the multi-operator AC/DC hybrid distribution system (HDS) has evolved into a cyber-physical-social system (CPSS), necessitating an appropriate architecture. In this paper, a distributed CPSS architecture is proposed for the multi-operator AC/DC HDS using a cloud-edge-device cooperation. The architecture incorporates a model that distinguishes different types of EVs, enabling the demonstration of the interaction among the cyber, physical, and social systems. To address issues of transmission delay and noisy, a Non-ideal Communication Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers is employed. The proposed framework consists of three stages: day-ahead economic dispatch, intra-day security dispatch, and real-time adjustment. This enables efficient dispatching of EVs based on economic and node voltage considerations while optimizing the performance of renewable distributed generators for each operator. Case studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the CPSS structure in achieving distributed dispatching the HDS.