A pro-inflammatory diet and its association with risk gastric cancer in adults: A systematic review of observational studies

Introduction: The evidence suggests that following a di-etary inflammatory index (DII) could increase the risk of var-ious types cancer in the adult population. Aim: To examine the scientific material that has been pub-lished to date on the association between DII adherence and the risk of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: Systematic review of observational studies using the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases from January 2003 to January 2023. Observational studies on hu-mans that examined exposure to an DII or its adaption and association with the GC were considered. Using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS), which is based on the PRISMA criteria, study quality and bias risk were evaluated. Results: 8 articles that met the elegibility criteria were se-lected. 3 prospective cohort studies and 5 case-control stud-ies stood out among them. A strong positive association be-tween following a pro-inflammatory DII and a higher risk of GC incidence was discovered in the majority of the studies ex-amined (87.5%). According to 2 studies, a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and the location of the proximal GC are posi-tively correlated. The research that was examined by NOS re-ported a minimal risk of bias. Discussion: DII has significant advantages because to its adaptability and comparability across many groups, which is supported by a strong body of evidence used to validate it. Dietary interactions with variables such as H. pylori can have an effect on chronic inflammation of the mucosa of the gas-tric tissue. Conclusions: Several studies in adult populations have re-ported relevant epidemiological evidence supporting a signif-icant association between a proinflammatory dietary pattern and an increased risk of gastric cancer.