Response to Gallium (ga) Exposure and Its Distribution in Rice Plants.

Root architecture is the temporal and spatial configuration of root system in the heterogeneous matrix of soil that is prone to chemical stresses. Gallium (Ga) is among the emerging chemical pollutants that are mostly associated with high-tech industries, specifically associated with semiconductors. In view of its potential risk and increasing distribution in the environment, this study was designed to evaluate the inhibition rate, Ga distribution in different tissues, and root architecture of rice seedlings under different concentrations of Ga. We observed that 2.59, 46.7, and 168.2 mg Ga/L were minimum (EC20), medium (EC50), and maximum (EC75) effective concentrations for rice plants that corresponded to the 20, 50, and 75