Extensive studies on physiochemical properties, purification strategies, application of microbial l -amino acid oxidase

l -Amino acid oxidase (LAAO) as flavoenzymes catalyzes the stereospecific oxidative deamination of l -amino acids to α-keto acid along with the production of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. This enzyme is widely distributed in bacteria, fungi, and mammals. LAAO from snake venom is widely studied for its potential to induce apoptosis, hemorrhage, aggregate platelets, and edema. The conventional bioseparation method of chromatographic techniques are generally reported for purification of this enzyme. It has major limitation of time consumption and high cost due to involvement of several purification strategies and equipment. Currently, liquid–liquid extraction processes like aqueous two-phase systems (ATPs) and three phase system (TPP) are being employed to overcome the problems associated with conventional multistep purification processes. Both ATPs and TPP are effectively used for purification of biomolecules because of their versatility, biocompatibility, rapid, easily scalable, energy efficient and relatively low cost attributes. ATPs has been used for a separation of soluble biomolecules such as proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids, plant and animal cells products, microbial products. In this review article, we have studied the physiological properties of different types of l -Amino acid oxidase. The downstream processing techniques for efficient extraction of these l -amino acid oxidases has been subsequently studied in terms of conventional chromatographic purification techniques and polymeric phase systems. This polymeric phase system based biosepration technique could be effectively used for recovery of l -Amino acid oxidase at higher extent. These purified extract of LAAO could be efficiently used with higher efficacy in different industrial sectors.