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Tide–Surge Interactions in Lingdingyang Bay, Pearl River Estuary, China: a Case Study from Typhoon Mangkhut, 2018

ESTUARIES AND COASTS(2024)

Ministry of Education | Nanjing Normal University

Cited 0|Views22
Abstract
There is a need for accurate estimates of extreme sea levels for use in coastal engineering during typhoon seasons. Therefore, a numerical study was carried out to investigate tide–surge interactions induced by Typhoon Mangkhut in the Pearl River Estuary. A nested model was first validated and then used to study the spatial and temporal behavior of the storm surge and tide–surge interactions in the Pearl River Estuary during Typhoon Mangkhut (2018). The numerical results showed that the typhoon could induce nonlinear oscillations with amplitudes of approximately 0.3 m in the bay, which were caused by tide–surge interactions. Thus, we investigated the temporal and spatial features of the nonlinear oscillations and tracked their origin. First, for most stations inside Lingdingyang Bay, the peak of the nonlinear oscillations did not coincide with the highest stage of the surge and instead occurred afterward. Spatially, much larger nonlinear oscillations occurred at the top of the bay than near the mouth. Second, through a series of sensitivity experiments that involved translating the original typhoon landfall process forward and backward relative to the tide within a limited timeframe, the nonlinear oscillations showed tidally influenced characteristics. Specifically, there tend to be positive oscillations at low tide and negative oscillations at high tide, which explains the fact that surge is always enhanced (or weakened) under low (or high) tide. In addition to the phase difference between tide and surge, we also tested the influence of tidal range on the nonlinear oscillations. The results showed that the strength of the nonlinear oscillations in the bay was proportional to the tidal range under the same meteorological conditions. Finally, we conducted additional experiments by altering terms in primitive movement equations to weigh the importance of the origins that produce the nonlinear oscillations in terms of hydrodynamic mechanisms. The results indicated that nonlinear bottom friction was the major factor causing significant nonlinear oscillations, accounting for nearly three-fourths of the total. The next most influential factor was the shallow water effect, accounting for the other one-fourth of the total. The advective term showed little effect on the nonlinear oscillations in the open bay of the Pearl River Estuary.
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Tide–surge interactions,Typhoon,Storm surge,Tidal forecast,FVCOM,Numerical simulation,Shallow water effect
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要点】:本论文通过数值模拟研究了2018年台风“山竹”影响下珠江口伶仃洋区的潮浪相互作用,揭示了台风引起的非线性波动及其与潮汐的相互作用机制,创新性地明确了非线性底部摩擦和浅水效应是造成波动的两个主要因素。

方法】:采用嵌套模型对伶仃洋区的风暴潮和潮浪相互作用进行模拟,并通过调整原始运动方程中的项来权衡不同机制对非线性波动的贡献。

实验】:研究使用2018年台风“山竹”作为案例,通过一系列敏感性实验,考察潮汐阶段对非线性波动的影响,结果表明在低潮时倾向于正向波动,而在高潮时倾向于负向波动,同时证实了在相同气象条件下,潮差越大,非线性波动越强。