Exploring the impact of vanadium on physical, structural and thermal properties of bioactive glass 46S6: a comparative study with other metallic elements

Vanadium-doped quaternary bioactive glass systems 46 SiO 2 , (24– x /2) Na 2 O, (24– x /2) CaO, 6P 2 O 5 , xV , where x = 0, 0.5, 2.5, 2.8, and 5 mass% of vanadium through the use of V 2 O 5 oxide, were successfully synthesized by the melt-quenching technique. Several physicochemical methods were employed to study the effects of vanadium on the physical, structural, and thermal properties of all doped bioactive glasses 46S6- xV . Density ( ρ g ), molar volume ( V m ), oxygen molar volume ( V O ), and oxygen packing density (OPD) variations were correlated with the decrease in compactness of the vitreous network upon the introduction of 2.8 mass% vanadium. Investigations revealed that the bioactive glass network is less polymerized with an increase in vanadium content up to 2.8 mass%. The thermal characteristics and excess entropy Δ S ex of doped bioactive glasses were determined. Calculated thermal stability factors show the high forming ability of elaborated bioactive glass. The obtained results show that the introduction of 2.8 mass% of vanadium on the glass matrix induces a significant decrease in ∆ T g (49 K) and ∆ T f (250 K). Increases in excess entropy confirm that the presence of vanadium leads to a more disordered 46S6 glass matrix. The studied 46S6 glass exhibits better thermal properties when vanadium is incorporated, making it more useful for various industrial and technological applications.