Pharmacokinetics of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in 6-week-old swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) after intravenous and oral administration

Sedative as well as protective effects during hypoxia have been described for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). Six swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) of 6 weeks old were administered NaGHB at a dose of 500 mg/kg intravenously (IV) and 500 and 750 mg/kg orally (PO) in a triple cross-over design. Repeated blood sampling was performed to allow pharmacokinetic analysis of GHB. Whole blood concentration at time point 0 after IV administration was 1727.21 +/- 280.73 mu g/mL, with a volume of distribution of 339.45 +/- 51.41 mL/kg and clearance of 164.94 +/- 47.05 mL/(kg h). The mean peak plasma concentrations after PO administration were 326.57 +/- 36.70 and 488.01 +/- 154.62 mu g/mL for 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg, respectively. These were recorded at 1.42 +/- 0.72 and 1.58 +/- 0.58 h after PO dose for GHB 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg, respectively. The elimination half-life for IV and PO 500 mg/kg and PO 750 mg/kg dose was respectively 1.33 +/- 0.30, 1.16 +/- 0.31 and 1.11 +/- 0.33 h. The bioavailability (F) for PO administration was 45%. No clinical adverse effects were observed after PO administration. Deep sleep was seen in one animal after IV administration, other animals showed head pressing and ataxia.