Cytokine Levels in Neonates: Unveiling the Impact of Perinatal Inflammation on Prematurity

Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between variations in cytokine levels in the first 72 hours of life and prematurity.Study Design In this prospective study, we examined the cytokine levels of 110 newborns in the first 72 hours of life. The participants were divided into two groups based on gestational age (66 very preterm and 44 term newborns), and cytokine levels (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, and IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], and transforming growth factor -I3 [TGF-I3]) were evaluated.Results Premature newborns exhibited higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, while TNF alpha and TGF-I3 levels were lower comparing to term newborns. Even after adjusting for maternal and peripartum factors, the significant differences persisted.Conclusion Our study underscores significant cytokine profile differences between full-term and very preterm newborns in early life. Elevated IL-6 and IL-8 levels in preterm infants suggest potential perinatal inflammation links to prematurity.