Modelling a two-stream emergency department segregation and admission system from COVID-19 early rapid antigen testing: A pilot study

Objective Many factors influence patient flow through an ED, including streaming, treatment spaces and staff resources. This pilot study explored and compared real time patient flow using a single-stream system versus varying configurations of possible two-stream systems using computer simulation.Methods Simulation modelling was used to assess the delay in treatment of a rapid-antigen-tested-based, two-stream model for patient flow through ED during the peak phase of the COVID pandemic.Results Modelling two-stream configuration for all patients (minimum time to be seen for both COVID-positive and COVID-negative patients) showed that in the case study ED, a two-stream system and linked changes in bed configuration for managing the risks of infection can impact delays in treatment.Conclusions Data-driven modelling within specific clinical settings can inform the (in)efficiency of patient flow processes and help clinicians and managers make evidence-based decisions about patient transition through EDs. This can assist with reconfiguration of ED patient streaming particularly during periods of unique need, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic.