Gaseous, particulate matter, carbonaceous compound, water-soluble ion, and trace metal emissions measured from 2019 peatland fires in Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan

This study aimed to develop field emission factors of gaseous pollutants, PM2.5, OC/EC, water-soluble ions, and trace elements and to estimate the total gas and particulate emissions from peatland fires. This study was con-ducted in Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, in September 2019 during the main fire episode. Gas samples were collected using the LGR-ICOS analyzer at a flow rate of 0.5 L/min. In comparison, particulate pollutant samples were collected using two Airmetrics Mini Volume Portable Air Samplers at a flow rate of 5 L/min with Quartz fiber and PTFE filters. For further analysis, quartz fiber filters were used for carbon aerosols and water-soluble inorganic ions, while PTFE filters were used for trace element analysis. The gaseous emission factors determined in this study for CO2, CO, and CH4 were 1589.5 +/- 41.8 g/kg, 236.5 +/- 25.7 g/kg, and 5.4 +/- 1.3 g/kg, respec-tively. Meanwhile, the emission factors for PM2.5, OC, EC, water-soluble inorganic ions, and elements were 27.8 +/- 41.8 g/kg, 18.1 +/- 8.9 g/kg, 0.25 +/- 0.06 g/kg, 1.7 +/- 0.7 g/kg, and 62.5 +/- 32.3 mg/kg, respectively. With peat burned density of 0.11 g/cm3, a burned depth of 37 cm, and a total area burned of 317,749 ha, peatland fires in Central Kalimantan in 2019 had emitted CO2, CO, PM2.5, total carbon aerosol, water-soluble ions, and elements about 34.9 +/- 0.9 Tg, 5.3 +/- 0.6 Tg, 0.6 +/- 0.3 Tg, 0.4 +/- 0.2 Tg, 36.7 +/- 15.9 Gg, and 1.4 +/- 0.7 Gg, respectively.