Vegetation, hydrology, and quantitative monsoon precipitation since the Last Glacial Maximum in Central China

The Yangtze River Basin is a crucial region in the monsoon region of China, and reconstructing its hydrological and precipitation evolution is important for developing a more robust understanding of the evolution of the East Asian Summer Monsoon. A pollen record from a strata profile (JZ2010) in the Jianghan Basin of Central China reveals variations in paleovegetation and paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions covering the last 24 cal kyr BP at similar to 90 years resolution. We perform a quantitative precipitation reconstruction (based on a weighted averaged partial least squares method). Results of the study show that the vegetation in the region experienced a succession from coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest to evergreen and deciduous mixed forest and then to secondary coniferous forest. Over the past 24 kyr, the climate was relatively dry during the deglacial period, particularly during HS1 and the Younger Dryas cold event, interrupted by a warm and humid Bolling-Allerod. Precipitation in the early Holocene was at its maximum, peaking between 10.0 and 7.0 cal kyr BP followed by drier conditions between 6.5 and 4.5 cal kyr BP. Subsequent wetter conditions lasted until 3.8 cal kyr BP, after which precipitation gradually declined. Overall, the quantitative precipitation reconstruction is consistent with other proxy-based precipitation reconstructions in the Yangtze River region. However, the temporal pattern of variations in precipitation is distinct from that of the northern China monsoon region, where the precipitation peak occurred during the mid-Holocene. The study suggests that, prior to the Holocene, climate change was controlled by insolation dynamics and high latitude teleconnections, while during the Holocene it was primarily influenced by low latitude teleconnections, including the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, which controlled the dipolar rainfall pattern in the monsoon region of China. The high resolution record of changing climate in the East Asian monsoon region over a period spanning the LGM and Holocene provides a useful benchmark for modelling future precipitation change in southern and northern China against the background of global warming.