Cooperative multi-site EMS sharing EV batteries based on model predictive control

This study investigates a community energy management system (CEMS) composed of multiple individual EMSs, which minimize the cost of electricity for an entire community by sharing the onboard storage batteries of electric vehicles (EVs) among the multiple EMSs. Because EVs move between sites in the community, the EMSs need to cooperate in recharging and discharging of EV batteries with considering the movement of EVs. In this study, we propose a model predictive control of charging and discharging for EV batteries shared by multiple EMSs based on a mixed-integer quadratic programming method and a quadratic programming method. In addition, the electricity price of trade between an EV and an EMS is derived using the Lagrange multiplier in the optimization problem. Finally, the validity of the proposed system is verified using simulations. Copyright (c) 2023 The Authors.