Temperature-driven enhancement in pseudocapacitive charge storage of Sn-doped WO3 nanoflowers and its high-performance quasi-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor

The substitution of another metal cations in the WO3 matrix enhances their electrochemical performance due to the synergistic effect. In this report, Sn-doped WO3 nanoflowers are synthesized via a facile single-step hydrothermal method. Further, the temperature-dependent pseudocapacitive behavior of Sn-doped WO3 nanoflowers is investigated for quasi-solid state asymmetric supercapacitors (QSSAC). The electrochemical study reveals that the specific capacitance values of WO3 increase from 72 F g-1 to 138 F g-1 (Sn-doped WO3) at 1 A g-1. The temperature-dependent specific capacitance values of Sn-doped WO3 nanoflowers demonstrating six times enhancement with rising temperature, from 109 F g-1, 139 F g-1, 194 F g-1, 301 F g-1, to 603 F g-1 at 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 40 degrees C, to 50 degrees C respectively. Furthermore, the QSSAC exhibits better stability of 97.51 % up to 2500th cycles with an energy density of 8 W h kg-1 and a power density of 6400 W kg-1, attributed to enhanced conductivity, large diffusion capability, and high strength with multiple redox active sites. The experimental results emphasize the promising electrochemical features of the Sn-doped WO3 matrix, which is an effective approach for electrode materials development.