Gram-Negative Bacilli In Infants Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

In this study, Gram-negative bacilli that cause infections had variable rates of gentamicin resistance among different neonatal intensive care units, whereas the rates of carbapenem resistance were low. Background. Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) account for a significant burden of infection and colonization in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and antibiotic resistance among these pathogens is of increasing concern. Methods. A prospective cohort study was performed in 4 NICUs between May 2009 and April 2012. The body sites from which GNB were isolated, antimicrobial susceptibilities of the GNB isolated, and antimicrobial therapy were assessed. Results. Attending neonatologists treated 3.0% (188 of 6184) of eligible infants for GNB infection; 23% of 214 GNB isolates were nonsusceptible to antimicrobial agents, including gentamicin (14.8%), piperacillin-tazobactam (9.9%), third-generation cephalosporin (7.0%), and/or carbapenem agents (4.5%). Gentamicin was the most commonly used antibiotic overall, and much of its use was empiric. However, third-generation cephalosporin agents and cefepime were used more commonly as targeted therapy for identified Gram-negative pathogens. Conclusions. One-quarter of the GNB isolates were nonsusceptible to 1 antibiotic. Antimicrobial stewardship strategies for reducing antimicrobial use in NICUs should be implemented.