Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and disabling condition that can arise following severely threatening events. It is characterized by the re-experiencing of trauma memories, such as through flashbacks, nightmares or emotional reactions, avoidance of memories and reminders of the trauma, negative trauma-related cognitions and affect, and hyperarousal symptoms. This chapter reviews the epidemiology and diagnosis of PTSD, as well as current theoretical models and evidence-based treatments used to address the disorder. The chapter uses cognitive therapy for PTSD as an example to describe how to conduct effective trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy. The potential for resilience interventions and future developments in the field are also discussed.