Prescribing Antiretroviral Therapy

Abstract Uncontrolled HIV replication is associated with inflammation, accelerated aging, and a higher rate of comorbid illnesses, effects which have been shown to be reduced by earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Treatment of HIV with ART is highly effective at preventing HIV-1 transmission. This chapter provides an overview of what ART is and the current treatment guidelines according to the US Department of Health and Human Services and the International Antiviral Society-USA. The chapter enumerates the goals of ART and the rationale for treatment as soon as possible of all persons with HIV. Important criteria in selecting an initial treatment regimen is discussed as well as when to switch or simplify ART. Factors for consideration in ART regimen selection and other information involving ART are presented to the reader via tables.