Experimental evaluation of the wave load applied to the toe berm of a rubble mound structure built on very steep slopes

It is sometimes difficult to design a rubble mound structure along the shorelines of lakes located in mountainous environments, due to the typical extreme steepness of the underwater profile. A stable rubble mound structure requires that the underlying bed slope is at least, say, 2H:3V, and in addition there must be some space to accommodate a small horizontal berm. The berm stability assumes an extreme importance, obviously. This research, funded by the Brevetti+ program, studies the behavior of a system that allows for the placement of rubble mound structures along steep profiles, since the stability of the toe berm is assured by tie rods.