Early peri-implant bone healing on laser-modified surfaces with and without hydroxyapatite coating: an in vivo study

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to assess the biological behavior of bone tissue on the machined surface (MS) and the modifications by laser beam (LS), and by laser beam incorporated with hydroxyapatite (HA) by biomimetic method without heat treatment (LHS). Materials and methods Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) was performed before and after installation in the rabbit tibiae. 20 Albinus rabbits received 40 implants of 3.75x10mm in the right and left tibias, with one implant on each surface in each tibia. In the animals belonging to the 4-week euthanasia period, intramuscular application of the fluorochromes calcein and alizarin was performed. The tibias with the implants were submitted to analysis by confocal laser microscopy (mineral apposition rate – MAR) and histometric analysis by bone contact implant (%BIC) and newly formed bone area (%NBA). Results The SEM showed differences between the surfaces. BIC of the LHS implants were statistically superior to MS at the 2-week period and LHS and LS surfaces were statistically superior to MS at the 4-weel period. Statistical analysis of the NBA of the implants showed difference between the LHS and MS surface in the period of 2 weeks. Conclusion In conclusion, the modifications of the surfaces LS and LHS provided important physicochemical modifications that favored the deposition of bone tissue on the surface of the implants. Clinical relevance Surface modifications by laser with and without HA in dental implant surfaces accelerated osseointegration process and it is indicated oral rehabilitation in bone compromised.