Glycolysis in pulmonary arterial hypertension and metabolic reprogramming

Metabolic reprogramming is undoubtedly linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), as metabolic abnormalities are consistently identified in the lungs and hearts of patients, animal models of the disease, and cells derived from the lungs of patients. While several drugs have proved beneficial in animal models, the evidence in humans is still limited and there is a need to address the questions of how the metabolic abnormalities develop in PAH and determine which pathways are most promising as therapeutic targets. Here, we review the metabolic pathways that have been linked to the pathophysiology of PAH and their potential in targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.