Epigenetics, epidemiology, and public health

Epigenetic variation has been proposed to play a critical role in the etiology of complex traits and diseases. Epigenetic epidemiology, an interdisciplinary field combining epigenetic and epidemiological knowledge, tools, and techniques, is emerging in medical and public health research. We reviewed and discussed the promising role of epigenetics in understanding disease etiology, assessing health-related exposures, predicting disease risk, and treating diseases. We summarized important issues that should be considered in epigenetic epidemiological research including research question, study design, sample size, biological sample, and measurement tool. We also summarized the challenges in epigenetic epidemiology research in terms of data analysis, interpretation of results, causal inference, and communication to the public. Combining epigenetics with epidemiology, with a careful study design and an appropriate interpretation of results, could potentially enhance our understanding of disease and promote public health.