Global Strategy

This chapter provides an overview of research on global strategy and outlines suggestions for future studies. The field has generated three critical decisions: (1) expansion (whether to internationalize and how to select countries and entry modes to ensure effectiveness), (2) management (how to structure, coordinate, and control operations dispersed across countries to achieve efficiency), and (3) advantage (how to build an advantage in scale, learning, and arbitrage across locations to guarantee success). Future research can provide novel insights on these decisions by analyzing the impact of changes in three contexts: (1) countries, and the dynamics in cross-border interactions emerging from globalization, emerging markets, and government activism; (2) industries, and the reorganization of firm boundaries arising from digitalization, big data, and global value chains; and (3) organizations, and the reconsideration of the nature of work derived from global expertise, remote collaboration, and the gig economy.