Examining Changes in Consumer Spatial Structure and Sustainable Development Issues in Beijing Before and after the Outbreak of COVID-19

Urban consumption spatial structure has a direct impact on the sustainable development and quality of life of urban residents. This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 on Beijing’s urban consumption spatial structure within the Sixth Ring Road. Utilizing POI (Point of Interest) data and the Kernel Density method, the spatial distribution of commercial centers is analyzed. Consumption data from China UnionPay for 2019 and 2020, along with the Weighted Voronoi diagram method, are employed to assess changes in the radiation range of commercial centers. The findings indicate that: (1) owing to the pandemic’s repercussions, commercial centers at different levels and locations have different changes. (2) There is an overarching decline in UnionPay consumer spending across diverse streets in Beijing. (3) Following the epidemic, large-scale consumption hubs have maintained their dominance, ensuring the overall stability of the city’s consumption spatial pattern. In conclusion, the changes in commercial centers and the significant decrease in consumer spending underscore the dynamic interplay between urban consumption and external shocks like the pandemic. These insights are crucial for urban planning strategies aiming to enhance both resilience and sustainability in the face of unforeseen challenges. The spatial restructuring of traditional commercial centers requires nuanced urban planning. Recognizing the resilience and expansion of smaller centers suggests the importance of fostering localized economic activities. Policymakers could incentivize their development to promote community engagement and economic sustainability.