Toward multiscale simulations for solidification microstructure and microsegregation for selective laser melting of nickel-based superalloys

In this study, we carried out multiscale simulations that integrate a macro-scale finite element method simulation for mass and heat transfer of the transient molten pool and a micro-scale quantitative phase-field model for dendritic growth and solute distribution based on selective laser melting (SLM) experiments. Macroscopic simulations reveal an approximately inverse coupling of solidification velocity Vs and thermal gradient G near the solid-liquid interface at the tail end of the molten pool. It was found that the maximum flow velocity of the Inconel 718 alloy melt in the molten pool exceeds 2 x 10-2 m/s and the maximum negative pressure reaches -5.28 x 10-4 Pa. Through quantitative phase-field simulations, the map about G=Vs for each solidification morphology was obtained, and it was found that solidification velocity dependent solute partition coefficients k(Vs) can strongly influence the estimated stability regions. The power law relationship of the primary dendritic arm spacing (PDAS) A1 versus solidification velocity A1ecVsa agrees with the previous experimental results for lower G, and the exponent a decreases with increasing G. The PDAS A1 versus cooling rate R following A1ecR-0.512 is consistent with previous investigations. We found that A1 is a nonlinear function with G-0.5V-0.25 A1ec(G-0.5V-0.25 s )a, with a ranging from 0.887 to 2.466 for various G. Comparison of the predicted A1 with Trivedi's model reveals that A1 is still nonlinear with G-0.25V-0.25 (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).