Non-invasive measurement of blood pressure waveform based on spatiotemporal multi-dimensional pulse waves

Continuous monitoring of blood pressure (BP) waveform is essential for the prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases because it contains rich information. A vision-based non-invasive measurement method of BP waveform was proposed in this work. A binocular vision pulse acquisition system was utilized to collect continuous pulse images in a predetermined area of radial artery, and multi-dimensional pulse waves were extracted from image sequences. By using Bi-directional Long-Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks, a model suitable for the inputs of multitype pulse waves under multi-length windows has been established. The model can measure BP wave with high accuracy more than 0.94 (correlation coefficient). Measurement errors are less than (4.65 +/- 5.80) mmHg for systolic blood pressure and (6.45 +/- 7.40) mmHg for diastolic blood pressure. This study breaks through the limitation of obtaining BP from single-dimensional pulse wave in previous studies and provides a new idea for non-invasive measurement of human BP waveform.