Biomineralization and mechanical studies of sodium substituted hydroxyapatite by a time-saving combustion route

The poor biomechanical properties of hydroxyapatite are the major demerits that limit its application in bone tissue engineering to repair critical bone defects. The current study aims to prepare sodium-substituted Hap samples by using a time-saving combustion route. Both 5 %Na-Hap and 10 %Na-Hap scaffolds together with Hap was analysed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM/EDAX for characterization. Moreover, the influence of sodium substitution on biomineralization, mechanical stability and MG63 cell cytotoxicity was also studied. XRD pattern shows up to 10 mol% of sodium was substituted in the Hap powder without any collapse in its crystal structure. The structural morphology of the Na-Hap powder was studied using SEM/EDAX. After immersion of Pellets in SBF, the compressive strengths of 5 % Na- Hap and 10 % Na- Hap were found to be 116 MPa and 98 MPa after the day 9, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentration of pure Hap, 5 % Na-Hap & 10 % Na-Hap was 59.6, 41.9 and 37.7 mu g/ml, respectively. In conclusion, mechanical stability and apatite deposition properties of sodium substituted Hap show significant improvement compared to Pure Hap, and by comparing two different concentrations of sodium substituted Hap, 5 % Na-Hap shows better apatite deposition and mechanical strength compared to 10 % Na-Hap. The aim of the current work is to synthesis sodium-substituted Hap through combustion route. the resultant sample were characterised by XRD, FTIR, and SEM/EDAX. The characterisation demonstrates that up to 10 mol % of sodium may have been substituted into the Hap matrix. In conclusion, sodium substituted Hap shows improvement in mechanical stability and apatite deposition when compared to previous studies, 5 % Na-Hap exhibits higher apatite deposition and mechanical strength than 10 % Na-Hap.image