The first Eugaleaspiforme fish from the Silurian of the Tarim Basin reveals a close relationship between the Tarim and South China blocks at 438 mya

The first Eugaleaspiforme fish, Jiangxialepis rongi sp. nov., from the lower Telychian (Llandovery, Silurian) Tataertag Formation in the Tarim Basin is described and its palaeogeographic significance is evaluated. The new species can be assigned to the family Shuyuidae and distinguished from J. retrospina and J. jiujiangensis by its comparatively broader headshield, ornamentation, and serrated margin of the headshield and median dorsal opening. The discovery of J. rongi provides direct fossil evidence for the correlation of lower Telychian marine red beds between the Tarim Basin and South China and expands our knowledge of the distribution of Eugaleaspiforme fish into the Tarim Basin. An analysis of galeaspid paleogeographic distribution within a phylogenetic framework reveals at least five galeaspid dispersal events between the blocks of South China and the Tarim Basin during the early Telychian age. This indicates that the South China and Tarim blocks were close enough to share the same shallow marine environment, and perhaps comprise a united Tarim-South China Block during the early Silurian.