Impact of Rare Earth Ions (Ce and Gd) on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructured Ni–Zn Ferrites

Present work focuses to investigate the impact of rare earth ions (Ce and Gd) on the structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline nickel-zinc ferrite. The nanoparticles of Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 , Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Ce 0.02 Fe 1.98 O 4 , and Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Gd 0.02 Fe 1.98 O 4 were synthesized by citric acid–assisted sol–gel method. The formation of cubic spinel structure without additional impurity peaks was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The crystallite size of Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 (R = 0) and Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 R 0.02 Fe 1.98 O 4 (R = Ce and Gd) nanoparticles was observed less than ~ 35 nm at sintering temperatures of ~ 300 to ~ 500 ℃. From magnetic measurements, the value of room temperature saturation magnetization of superparamagnetic Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 (R = 0) was found to be reduced with the doping of Ce and Gd ions from 44.19 ± 0.02 to 39.33 ± 0.03 emu/g and 35.18 ± 0.02 emu/g, respectively, at 300 ℃ and from 60.69 ± 0.04 to 54.11 ± 0.03 emu/g and 55.72 ± 0.04 emu/g, respectively, at 500 ℃. The detailed study of superparamagnetic relaxation in pure and rare earth-doped samples was performed by the thermal magnetization measurements under zero field cool (ZFC) and field cool (FC) processes. Mossbauer spectra revealed the absence of the quadrupole splitting for Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Ce 0.02 Fe 1.98 O 4 at tetrahedral (A-site) and octahedral (B-site) sites which indicated cubic symmetry in the crystal structure. Although, the presence of negative asymmetry was observed in Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Gd 0.02 Fe 1.98 O 4 -doped ferrite sample. Magnetic materials with superparamagnetic properties are desirable in various biomedical applications.