Synthesis and characterisation of Manuka and rosemary oil-based nano-entities and their application in meat

Ma over bar nuka (MO) and rosemary oils (RO)-containing nanoemulsions and nanocapsules made of sodium alginate and whey protein, were designed and compared for their antioxidant effect. Ma over bar nuka oil-nanoemulsions and nano capsules had smaller particle sizes (343 and 330 nm), less negative zeta potential (-12 mV and-10 mV), higher phenolic content, and antiradical characteristics than RO-nano-entities. However, nano-entities of both oils showed more thermostability and sustained release than free oils. Further, the antioxidant effect of essential oils and their nano-entities was compared against sodium nitrite (SN)-added and without antioxidants-added (controls) and Wagyu and crossbred beef pastes (14 days refrigerated storage). No significant difference among MO, RO and their nano-entities was noticed in crossbred pastes, while in Wagyu, nanoemulsions showed the lowest oxidation values than controls and SN-added pastes. Hence, nano-entities can be alternatives to chemical preservatives as natural antioxidants in meat preservation, along with improved thermal stability and release than free oils.