Exploring CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) Perovskite Nanocrystals in Amorphous Oxide Glasses: Innovations in Fabrication and Applications

Metal halide perovskites with excellent optical and electronic properties have become a trending material in the current research. However, their limited stability under ambient conditions degrades quality and threatens their potential commercialization as optoelectronic devices. Various approaches are adopted to improve the stability of perovskite nanocrystals (PeNC) while maintaining their advantageous optical properties, particularly strong luminescence. Among different possible improvement strategies, encapsulation of PeNCs within the amorphous glass matrices of inorganic oxides has drawn widespread attention because it ensures high resistance against chemical corrosion and high temperature, thus enhancing their chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability with improved light-emission characteristics. In this article, two types of materials, namely all-inorganic metal halide PeNCs and amorphous oxide glasses are briefly introduced, and then the methods are reviewed to fabricate and improve the quality of PeNC@glass composites. These methods are classified into three universal categories: compositional modification, structural modification, and dual encapsulation. In the final part of this review paper, examples of applications of PeNCs@glass composites in light-emitting devices and displays, data storage and anti-counterfeiting, lasing, photodetectors and X-ray detectors, photocatalysis, optical filters, solar concentrators, and batteries are provided.