Prostatectomy postoperative urinary incontinence: From origin to treatment

Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor at present, and there are still adverse reactions after radical prostatectomy. As many as 30% of patients complain of urinary incontinence (UI). This review begins with the pathophysiological basis of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPUI) and describes the maintenance of normal urine control function, anatomical changes, and urodynamic maintenance of PPUI. Then, we talk about the various influencing factors of UI, for example, the differences caused by the basic condition of the patient, the length of the membranous urinary tract, the level of prostate-specific antigen before operation, the method and technique of operation, and so on. Last, we introduce all kinds of treatments of PPUI in detail. It includes noninvasive conservative treatment, traditional surgical treatment, emerging stem cell therapy treatment, and postoperative psychotherapy of PPUI. The present situation of the treatment of UI after prostatectomy is summarized, and the prospect of the technology is put forward. The figure summarizes the current knowledge and challenges of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPUI), a common complication after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. The review discusses the anatomy and physiology of the lower urinary tract, the pathophysiology and risk factors of PPUI, and the available diagnostic and therapeutic options.image