Gas phase

The field of Cold Fusion started with electrolysis experiments. There were obvious advantages in using this method: possibility of getting high loading of deuterium in palladium, simple and precise calorimetry, simplicity of design, and cost. However, for industrial applications, electrolysis is not well suited because the maximum temperature is the boiling temperature of water at atmospheric pressure. Many applications need higher temperatures, especially, if one wants to produce electricity, where the Carnot principle indicates that the hot source must be as high as possible. Very early in the field, people started working in gas phase. It is the purpose of this chapter to review some of these works using various metals like palladium or nickel in different forms: solid bars or nano-powders.