Valeriana jatamansi

Valeriana jatamansi is popularly recognized as “Indian Valerian” and belongs to Valerianaceae family. It is a perennial aromatic herb being used in many medicinal purposes and traditional systems. In the wild, it grows at the elevations of 1200–3000 m above sea level (amsl). A substantial amount of high-value biological active compounds is present in leaves, stems, rhizome, as well as roots of the plant. However, the major and commercially important compounds and essential oil were found specifically in the roots and rhizome part. In recent decades, overexploitation of rhizome from its natural habitat inhibited the natural population significantly. Although the industrial demand still remains high, various efforts have been done for the increase in production and conservation. Similarly, numerous research investigations are being conducted on agro and molecular technology. The therapeutic properties of Valerian are attributed to a group of compounds known as Valmane and Valepotriates. The major phytocomponents are iridoids, lignans, sesquiterpenoids, and alkaloids which are consecrated with immense therapeutic potential. This chapter briefs the information about botanical classification, propagation material, agro-technology, modern agriculture farming, phytocomponents, plant tissue culture technique, omics technology, bioactivity analysis, and various formulated products. Furthermore, it comprehends Valeriana as a potential medicinal herb and opens an avenue for researchers to evaluate, elucidate, and produce pharmaceutically important compounds.