Origins of extreme violence in Palermo: health (infectious) impact of the trans-SaharanMediterranean route for women on the move

At present, mortality data are the most widely collected and readily available on such violence in the Mediterranean. In this way the "necropolitics approach" is now very common in the analysis of Mediterranean migration (see Ribas-Mateos and Dunn 2021). However, we believe with this chapter and with our research (both sociological and medical), that there are other important sources of information to take into account, as for example data on morbility and mortality, However, such datat only represents the tip of the iceberg. Other type of data that can be of relevant interest is the collection of data on diseases through the post migration research during the pre COVID time and the experience of the ITACA team. Specific attention has been paid to refugees and migrants fleeing to Europe as thousands have lost their lives during their attempt to cross the Mediterranean Sea. The main objective of ITaCA study was to measure the effectiveness of a targeted screening for African migrants, who arrived in Sicily, Italy, and describe the risk factors associated with these infections. The ITaCA program, which was built by the Regional Healthcare Organizations of Sicily and NGO volunteers, guaranteed to all migrants arriving in Western Sicily adequate information on and screening for viral infections acquired in their country of origin or during their journey, and proper therapy for people with chronic viral infections.