Hydrogeology of fractured aquifers: application of consistency indexes for the validation of geospatial mathematical models

In hydrogeology, most studies using interpolators seek to estimate water table elevations, contaminant concentrations and aquifer vulnerability. The primary goal of this research was to evaluate which geospatial interpolator best suits six distinct hydrogeological parameters using nine consistency tests. Water wells were selected on a portion of the Serra Geral Fractured Aquifer System in Southern Brazil. This paper tested the Inverse Distance Weighted, Radial Basis Function, Ordinary kriging, Lognormal kriging and Cokriging methods. The results pointed out that the Inverse Distance Weighted showed better performance for the following parameters: potentiometric surface, first fracture flow zone and second fracture flow zone. Discharge, transmissivity, specific capacity and static level showed low consistency levels, greatly increasing the uncertainties associated with mathematical models for such parameters. Deterministic interpolators surpassed the stochastic interpolators in parameter estimates that presented strong spatial dependence and associations with lithostratigraphy and geomorphology. This research can contribute to future work on groundwater management and planning in fractured aquifers, since the use of different interpolation and consistency approaches to analyse and compare different hydrogeological parameters in a fractured aquifer system has not been found in the literature.