Sintering of Protonic Ceramics for Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Protonic ceramics are considered to be the most promising candidates for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) owing to their high proton conductivity and competitive electrochemical performance at intermediate temperatures (typically 500–700 °C). However, the fabrication of proton-conducting SOFCs has been challenging mainly due to the poor sinterability of common proton-conducting electrolyte materials. Significantly high sintering temperatures (1500–1600 °C) and long sintering times (up to 24 h) have been reported for obtaining dense, gas-tight proton-conducting electrolytes. These sintering conditions may lead to undesirable interfacial reactions and dense electrode microstructures, thereby limiting the cell performance. The present work focuses on optimizing the co-sintering temperature of tubular SOFCs with a traditional Ni–yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anode support and proton-conducting functional layers. BaZr 0.3 Ce 0.5 Y 0.2 O 3 (BZCY), Ni–BZCY, and BZCY–BaCo 0.4 Fe 0.4 Ce 0.1 Y 0.1 O 3 were used as the electrolyte, anode functional layer, and cathode, respectively. Various approaches to lowering the co-sintering temperature and resulting cell performances will be discussed. We will also examine the thermal cycling behavior and durability of the fabricated protonic SOFCs.