Density

The density of saline water is a critical thermodynamic property for designing and rating all the relevant processes, including desalination. It is a reciprocate of the specific volume and important for thermal–hydraulic performance. This chapter introduces the thermodynamic approaches, multicomponent models, correlation, and data that are used to estimate the saline water density at different salinity, temperature, and pressure values. Experimental data of seawater density are used to compare the estimated density values from the correlations and methods and assess their accuracy. Some correlations and methods are recommended based on their accuracy and operating conditions. Besides, the codes of methods used to calculate the density are provided.